Association of Cigarette Smoking and Serum Concentrations of Vitamins A and E in Men: A Case-Control Study
-
Marjan Sohrabi
,
Mahmoud Djalali
,
Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht
,
Niloofar Shekoohi
,
Abed Ghavami
,
Hamed Mohammadi
Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoking is associated with changes in blood concentrations of some antioxidant vitamins. This study aimed to determine the association of cigarette smoking with serum concentrations of vitamins A and E in men.
Methods: This was a case-control study, in which the participants were 80 male smokers and 84 male nonsmokers (age range: 20-60 years). Data on dietary intake, health status, smoking habits, anthropometric characteristics, and vitamin levels were compared between cases and controls.
Results: Smokers had significantly lower concentrations of serum vitamin E (p = 0.001) and vitamin A (p = 0.013) compared with nonsmokers. However, serum vitamin E to cholesterol ratio was not significantly different between smokers and nonsmokers. Moreover, the highest circulating concentrations of vitamin E was observed in smokers who smoked ≤9 cigarettes per day (p < 0.03), while and the lowest vitamin E was seen in men smoking ≥20 cigarettes per day.
Conclusion: The results of this study identified that cigarette smoking is associated with lower levels of serum vitamin E and vitamin A, although it was not associated with vitamin E to cholesterol ratio.
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16. Fung TT, Hu FB, Pereira MA, Liu S, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, et al. Whole-grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76(3):535-40.
17. Steghens JP, van Kappel AL, Riboli E, Collombel C. Simultaneous measurement of seven carotenoids, retinol and alpha-tocopherol in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997;694(1):71-81.
18. Woźniak A, Górecki D, Szpinda M, Mila-Kierzenkowska C, Woźniak B. Oxidant-antioxidant balance in the blood of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after smoking cessation. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2013;2013:897075.
19. Galan P, Viteri FE, Bertrais S, Czernichow S, Faure H, Arnaud J, et al. Serum concentrations of β-carotene, vitamins C and E, zinc and selenium are influenced by sex, age, diet, smoking status, alcohol consumption and corpulence in a general French adult population. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005;59(10):1181-90.
20. Walmsley CM, Bates CJ, Prentice A, Cole TJ. Relationship between cigarette smoking and nutrient intakes and blood status indices of older people living in the UK: further analysis of data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 65 years and over, 1994/95. Public Health Nutr. 1999;2(2):199-208.
21. Margetts BM, Jackson AA. The determinants of plasma beta-carotene: interaction between smoking and other lifestyle factors. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1996;50(4):236-8.
22. Wei W, Kim Y, Boudreau N. Association of smoking with serum and dietary levels of antioxidants in adults: NHANES III, 1988-1994. Am J Public Health. 2001;91(2):258-64.
23. Benowitz NL. Cotinine as a biomarker of environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Epidemiol Rev. 1996;18(2):188-204.
24. Ahmadi J, Khalili H, Jooybar R, Namazi N, Mohammadagaei P. Prevalence of cigarette smoking in Iran. Psychol Rep. 2001;89(2):339-41.
2. Northrop-Clewes CA, Thurnham DI. Monitoring micronutrients in cigarette smokers. Clin Chim Acta. 2007;377(1-2):14-38.
3. Alberg A. The influence of cigarette smoking on circulating concentrations of antioxidant micronutrients. Toxicology. 2002;180(2):121-37.
4. Daloee MH, Avan A, Mirhafez SR, Kavousi E, Hasanian-Mehr M, Darroudi S, et al. Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Serum Pro-and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines and Growth Factors. Am J Mens Health. 2017;11(4):1169-1173.
5. Pryor WA, Stone K. Oxidants in cigarette smoke radicals, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrate, and peroxynitritea. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993;686:12-27.
6. Evans P, Halliwell B. Micronutrients: oxidant/antioxidant status. Br J Nutr. 2001;85 Suppl 2:S67-74.
7. Rock CL, Jacob RA, Bowen PE. Update on the biological characteristics of the antioxidant micronutrients: vitamin C, vitamin E, and the carotenoids. J Am Diet Assoc. 1996;96(7):693-702.
8. Mezzetti A, Lapenna D, Pierdomenico SD, Calafiore AM, Costantini F, Riario-Sforza G, et al. Vitamins E, C and lipid peroxidation in plasma and arterial tissue of smokers and non-smokers. Atherosclerosis. 1995;112(1):91-9.
9. Bolton-Smith C, Casey CE, Gey KF, Smith WC, Tunstall-Pedoe H. Antioxidant vitamin intakes assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire: correlation with biochemical status in smokers and non-smokers. Br J Nutr. 1991;65(3):337-46.
10. Stryker WS, Kaplan LA, Stein EA, Stampfer MJ, Sober A, Willett WC. The relation of diet, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption to plasma beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol levels. Am J Epidemiol. 1988;127(2):283-96.
11. Ascherio A, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Rimm EB, Litin L, Willett WC. Correlations of vitamin A and E intakes with the plasma concentrations of carotenoids and tocopherols among American men and women. J Nutr. 1992; 122(9):1792–1801.
12. Li T, Molteni A, Latkovich P, Castellani W, Baybutt RC. Vitamin A depletion induced by cigarette smoke is associated with the development of emphysema in rats. J Nutr. 2003;133(8):2629-34.
13. Bashar SK, Mitra AK. Effect of smoking on vitamin A, vitamin E, and other trace elements in patients with cardiovascular disease in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J. 2004;3:18.
14. Ghaffarpour M, Houshiar-Rad A, Kianfar H. The manual for household measures, cooking yields factors and edible portion of foods. Tehran: Nashre Olume Keshavarzy. 1999; 7:213.
15. Haghighatdoost F, Karimi G, Esmaillzadeh A, Azadbakht L. Sleep deprivation is associated with lower diet quality indices and higher rate of general and central obesity among young female students in Iran. Nutrition. 2012;28(11-12):1146-50.
16. Fung TT, Hu FB, Pereira MA, Liu S, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, et al. Whole-grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76(3):535-40.
17. Steghens JP, van Kappel AL, Riboli E, Collombel C. Simultaneous measurement of seven carotenoids, retinol and alpha-tocopherol in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997;694(1):71-81.
18. Woźniak A, Górecki D, Szpinda M, Mila-Kierzenkowska C, Woźniak B. Oxidant-antioxidant balance in the blood of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after smoking cessation. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2013;2013:897075.
19. Galan P, Viteri FE, Bertrais S, Czernichow S, Faure H, Arnaud J, et al. Serum concentrations of β-carotene, vitamins C and E, zinc and selenium are influenced by sex, age, diet, smoking status, alcohol consumption and corpulence in a general French adult population. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005;59(10):1181-90.
20. Walmsley CM, Bates CJ, Prentice A, Cole TJ. Relationship between cigarette smoking and nutrient intakes and blood status indices of older people living in the UK: further analysis of data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 65 years and over, 1994/95. Public Health Nutr. 1999;2(2):199-208.
21. Margetts BM, Jackson AA. The determinants of plasma beta-carotene: interaction between smoking and other lifestyle factors. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1996;50(4):236-8.
22. Wei W, Kim Y, Boudreau N. Association of smoking with serum and dietary levels of antioxidants in adults: NHANES III, 1988-1994. Am J Public Health. 2001;91(2):258-64.
23. Benowitz NL. Cotinine as a biomarker of environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Epidemiol Rev. 1996;18(2):188-204.
24. Ahmadi J, Khalili H, Jooybar R, Namazi N, Mohammadagaei P. Prevalence of cigarette smoking in Iran. Psychol Rep. 2001;89(2):339-41.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 5, No 1/2 (Winter/Spring 2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jnsd.v5i1.5230 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Cigarette smoking; Vitamin E; Vitamin A; Antioxidants | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Sohrabi M, Djalali M, Javanbakht MH, Shekoohi N, Ghavami A, Mohammadi H. Association of Cigarette Smoking and Serum Concentrations of Vitamins A and E in Men: A Case-Control Study. J Nutr Sci & Diet. 2019;5(1-2):14-18.
