Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics 5 1-2 2019 01 01 14 18 Marjan Sohrabi Department of Cellular and Mulecular Nutrition, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahmoud Djalali Department of Cellular and Mulecular Nutrition, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht Department of Cellular and Mulecular Nutrition, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Niloofar Shekoohi Department of Cellular and Mulecular Nutrition, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abed Ghavami Department of Cellular and Mulecular Nutrition, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamed Mohammadi Department of Cellular and Mulecular Nutrition, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 04 13 Background: Cigarette smoking is associated with changes in blood concentrations of some antioxidant vitamins. This study aimed to determine the association of cigarette smoking with serum concentrations of vitamins A and E in men. Methods: This was a case-control study, in which the participants were 80 male smokers and 84 male nonsmokers (age range: 20-60 years). Data on dietary intake, health status, smoking habits, anthropometric characteristics, and vitamin levels were compared between cases and controls. Results: Smokers had significantly lower concentrations of serum vitamin E (p = 0.001) and vitamin A (p = 0.013) compared with nonsmokers. However, serum vitamin E to cholesterol ratio was not significantly different between smokers and nonsmokers. Moreover, the highest circulating concentrations of vitamin E was observed in smokers who smoked ≤9 cigarettes per day (p < 0.03), while and the lowest vitamin E was seen in men smoking ≥20 cigarettes per day. Conclusion: The results of this study identified that cigarette smoking is associated with lower levels of serum vitamin E and vitamin A, although it was not associated with vitamin E to cholesterol ratio. https://jnsd.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jnsd/article/view/257