Fruit, vegetable, and dietary antioxidant intake and age-related cataract risk: A case-control study
Abstract
Aim: This study was done to evaluate the relationship between dietary intake of some macronutrients, carotenoids, vitamins C, E, and A, and selenium and the risk of cataract.
Methods: In this case-control study, dietary intakes of 97 cataract patients and 198 controls were assessed using a valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Cataract was diagnosed using a slit-lamp examination and defined as any lens opacity in either eye. The associations between cataract incidence and quartiles of macronutrient and micronutrient intakes were investigated using logistic regression models.
Results: After adjusting for the effects of confounding variables, the risk of cataract was significantly low in the highest nutrient intake quartile relative to the lowest quartile for fruits (OR = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.05-0.30) and vegetables (OR= 0.20; 95% CI = 0.08-0.40). We found significant, inverse associations of cataract with high dietary intake of vitamin C (OR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.09-0.54), alpha-carotene (OR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.10-0.58), beta-carotene (OR = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.05-0.39), lutein/zeaxanthin (OR = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.08-0.45), and beta-cryptoxanthin (OR = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.01-0.15).
Conclusion: High daily intakes of fruits and vegetables and some dietary antioxidants might be associated with a decrease in cataract risk in Tehran, Iran.
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22. Lu M, Taylor A, Chylack LT Jr, Rogers G, Hankinson SE, Willett WC, et al. Dietary fat intake and early age-related lens opacities. Am J Clin Nutr 2005 Apr; 81(4): 773-9.
23. Wang A, Han J, Jiang Y, Zhang D. Association of vitamin A and β-carotene with risk for age-related cataract: a meta-analysis. Nutrition 2014 Oct; 30(10): 1113-21.
24. Esterbauer H SG, Puhl H, Rotheneder M. Continuous monitoring of in vitro oxidation of human low density lipoprotein. Free Radic Res Commun 1989; 6:67-75.
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26. Christen WG, Glynn RJ, Sesso HD, Kurth T, MacFadyen J, Bubes V, et al. Age-related cataract in a randomized trial of vitamins E and C in men. Arch Ophthalmol 2010 Nov;128(11):1397-405.
27. Taylor A, Jacques PF, Epstein EM. Relations among aging, antioxidant status, and cataract. Am J Clin Nutr 1995 Dec;62(6 Suppl):1439S-47S.
28. Dherani M, Murthy GV, Gupta SK, Young IS, Maraini G, Camparini M, et al. Blood levels of vitamin C, carotenoids and retinol are inversely associated with cataract in a North Indian population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Aug;49(8):3328-35.
29. Hankinson SE, Stampfer MJ, Seddon JM, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Speizer FE, et al. Nutrient intake and cataract extraction in women: a prospective study. BMJ 1992 Aug 8;305(6849):335-9.
30. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E and betacarotene for age-related cataract and vision loss: AREDS report no. 9. Arch Ophthalmol 2001 Oct; 119(10):1439-52.
31. Chylack LT Jr, Brown NP, Bron A, Hurst M, Köpcke W, Thien U, et al. The Roche European American Cataract Trial (REACT): a randomized clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of an oral antioxidant micronutrient mixture to slow progression of age-related cataract. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2002 Feb;9(1):49-80.
32. Ma L, Lin XM. Effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on aspects of eye health. J Sci Food Agric 2010 Jan 15;90(1):2-12.
33. Ma L, Hao ZX, Liu RR, Yu RB, Shi Q, Pan JP. A dose-response meta-analysis of dietary lutein and zeaxanthin intake in relation to risk of age-related cataract. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014 Jan;252(1):63-70.
34. Liu XH, Yu RB, Liu R, Hao ZX, Han CC, Zhu ZH, et al. Association between lutein and zeaxanthin status and the risk of cataract: a meta-analysis. Nutrients 2014 Jan 22;6(1):452-65.
35. Jacques PF, Taylor A, Moeller S, Hankinson SE, Rogers G, Tung W, et al. Long-term nutrient intake and 5-year change in nuclear lens opacities. Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr; 123(4):517-26.
36. Lu M, Taylor A, Chylack LT Jr, Rogers G, Hankinson SE, Willett WC, et al. Dietary fat intake and early age-related lens opacities. Am J Clin Nutr 2005 Apr; 81(4):773-9.
37. D'Avanzo, B, Lavecchia C, Katsouyanni K, Negri E, Trichopoulos D. An assessment, and reproducibility of food frequency data provided by hospital controls. Eur J Cancer Prev, 1997;6(3):288-93.
38. Jessri M, Rashidkhani B, Hajizadeh B, Jessri M, Gotany c. Macronutrients, vitamins and minerals intake and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study in Iran. Nutr J, 2011; 10:137.
2. Theodoropoulou S, Samoli E, Theodossiadis PG, Papathanassiou M, Lagiou A, Lagiou P, Tzonou A. Diet and cataract: a case-control study. Int Ophthalmol. 2014 Feb; 34(1): 59-68.
3. Hashemi H, Hatef E, Fotouhi A, Feizzadeh A, Mohammad K. The prevalence of lens opacities in Tehran: the Tehran Eye Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2009 May-Jun; 16(3): 187-92.
4. Townend BS, Townend ME, Flood V, Burlutsky G, Rochtchina E, Wang JJ, Mitchell P. Dietary macronutrient intake and five-year incident cataract: the blue mountains eye study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Jun; 143(6): 932-9.
5. Vu HT, Robman L, Hodge A, McCarty CA, Taylor HR. Lutein and zeaxanthin and the risk of cataract: the Melbourne visual impairment project. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 Sep;47(9):3783-6.
6. Gritz DC, Srinivasan M, Smith SD, Kim U, Lietman TM, Wilkins JH, et al. The antioxidants in prevention of cataracts study: effects of antioxidant supplements on cataract progression in South India. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006 Jul; 90(7): 847-51.
7. Çelįk SK, Aras N, Yildirim Ö, Turan F, Görür A, Yildirim H, Tamer L. Glutathione s-transferase GSTM 1, null genotype may be associated with susceptibility to age-related cataract. Adv Clin Exp Med 2015 Jan-Feb; 24(1): 113-9.
8. Selin JZ, Lindblad BE, Rautiainen S, Michaëlsson K, Morgenstern R, Bottai M, et al. Are increased levels of systemic oxidative stress and inflammation associated with age-related cataract? Antioxid Redox Signal 2014 Aug 10; 21(5):700-4.
9. Christen WG, Liu S, Glynn RJ, Gaziano JM, Buring JE. Dietary carotenoids, vitamins C and E, and risk of cataract in women: a prospective study. Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Jan; 126(1):102-9
10. Wu SY, Leske MC. Antioxidants and cataract formation: a summary review. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2000 Fall; 40(4):71-81.
11. Pastor-Valero M. Fruit and vegetable intake and vitamins C and E are associated with a reduced prevalence of cataract in a Spanish Mediterranean population. BMC Ophthalmol 2013;13:52.
12. Zhang Y, Jiang W, Xie Z, Wu W, Zhang D. Vitamin E and risk of age-related cataract: a meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr 2015 Jan 16:1-11. [Epub ahead of print]
13.Yoshida M, Takashima Y, Inoue M, Iwasaki M, Otani T, Sasaki S, et al. JPHC Study Group. Prospective study showing that dietary vitamin C reduced the risk of age-related cataracts in a middle-aged Japanese population. Eur J Nutr 2007 Mar;46(2):118-24.
14. Valero MP, Fletcher AE, De Stavola BL, Vioque J, Alepuz VC. Vitamin C is associated with reduced risk of cataract in a Mediterranean population. J Nutr 2002 Jun;132(6):1299-306.
15. Mirmiran P HEF, Mehrabi Y, Hedayati M, Azizi F. Reliability and relative validity of an FFQ for nutrients in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Public health nutrition 2010;13(5):654-62.
16. Esfahani FH, Asghari G, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Reproducibility and relative validity of food group intake in a food frequency questionnaire developed for the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. J Epidemiol 2010;20(2):150-8.
17. Christen WG, Liu S, Schaumberg DA, Buring JE. Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cataract in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2005 Jun; 81(6):1417-22.
18. Chiu CJ, Morris MS, Rogers G, Jacques PF, Chylack LT Jr, Tung W, et al. Carbohydrate intake and glycemic index in relation to the odds of early cortical and nuclear lens opacities. Am J Clin Nutr 2005 Jun;81(6):1411-6.
19. Cumming RG, Mitchell P, Smith W. Diet and cataract: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2000 Mar;107(3):450-6.
20. Appleby PN, Allen NE, Key TJ. Diet, vegetarianism, and cataract risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2011 May;93(5):1128-35.
21. Tan J, Wang JJ, Flood V, Kaushik S, Barclay A, Brand-Miller J, et al. Carbohydrate nutrition, glycemic index, and the 10-y incidence of cataract. Am J Clin Nutr 2007 Nov; 86(5):1502-8.
22. Lu M, Taylor A, Chylack LT Jr, Rogers G, Hankinson SE, Willett WC, et al. Dietary fat intake and early age-related lens opacities. Am J Clin Nutr 2005 Apr; 81(4): 773-9.
23. Wang A, Han J, Jiang Y, Zhang D. Association of vitamin A and β-carotene with risk for age-related cataract: a meta-analysis. Nutrition 2014 Oct; 30(10): 1113-21.
24. Esterbauer H SG, Puhl H, Rotheneder M. Continuous monitoring of in vitro oxidation of human low density lipoprotein. Free Radic Res Commun 1989; 6:67-75.
25. Spiteller G. Lipid peroxidation in aging and age-dependent diseases. Exp Gerontology 2001; 36:1425–57.
26. Christen WG, Glynn RJ, Sesso HD, Kurth T, MacFadyen J, Bubes V, et al. Age-related cataract in a randomized trial of vitamins E and C in men. Arch Ophthalmol 2010 Nov;128(11):1397-405.
27. Taylor A, Jacques PF, Epstein EM. Relations among aging, antioxidant status, and cataract. Am J Clin Nutr 1995 Dec;62(6 Suppl):1439S-47S.
28. Dherani M, Murthy GV, Gupta SK, Young IS, Maraini G, Camparini M, et al. Blood levels of vitamin C, carotenoids and retinol are inversely associated with cataract in a North Indian population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Aug;49(8):3328-35.
29. Hankinson SE, Stampfer MJ, Seddon JM, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Speizer FE, et al. Nutrient intake and cataract extraction in women: a prospective study. BMJ 1992 Aug 8;305(6849):335-9.
30. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E and betacarotene for age-related cataract and vision loss: AREDS report no. 9. Arch Ophthalmol 2001 Oct; 119(10):1439-52.
31. Chylack LT Jr, Brown NP, Bron A, Hurst M, Köpcke W, Thien U, et al. The Roche European American Cataract Trial (REACT): a randomized clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of an oral antioxidant micronutrient mixture to slow progression of age-related cataract. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2002 Feb;9(1):49-80.
32. Ma L, Lin XM. Effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on aspects of eye health. J Sci Food Agric 2010 Jan 15;90(1):2-12.
33. Ma L, Hao ZX, Liu RR, Yu RB, Shi Q, Pan JP. A dose-response meta-analysis of dietary lutein and zeaxanthin intake in relation to risk of age-related cataract. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014 Jan;252(1):63-70.
34. Liu XH, Yu RB, Liu R, Hao ZX, Han CC, Zhu ZH, et al. Association between lutein and zeaxanthin status and the risk of cataract: a meta-analysis. Nutrients 2014 Jan 22;6(1):452-65.
35. Jacques PF, Taylor A, Moeller S, Hankinson SE, Rogers G, Tung W, et al. Long-term nutrient intake and 5-year change in nuclear lens opacities. Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr; 123(4):517-26.
36. Lu M, Taylor A, Chylack LT Jr, Rogers G, Hankinson SE, Willett WC, et al. Dietary fat intake and early age-related lens opacities. Am J Clin Nutr 2005 Apr; 81(4):773-9.
37. D'Avanzo, B, Lavecchia C, Katsouyanni K, Negri E, Trichopoulos D. An assessment, and reproducibility of food frequency data provided by hospital controls. Eur J Cancer Prev, 1997;6(3):288-93.
38. Jessri M, Rashidkhani B, Hajizadeh B, Jessri M, Gotany c. Macronutrients, vitamins and minerals intake and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study in Iran. Nutr J, 2011; 10:137.
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| Issue | Vol 3, No 2 (Spring 2017) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Cataract Carotenoids Fruit Vegetables | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Ghanavati M, Alipour M, Khodaparast-Zavareh M, Sarli R, Rashidkhani B. Fruit, vegetable, and dietary antioxidant intake and age-related cataract risk: A case-control study. J Nutr Sci & Diet. 2017;3(2):15-22.
