The effect of garlic consumption on Helicobacter pylori treatment using urea breath test: a randomized clinical trial
-
Azita Hekmatdoost
,
Marzieh Ghobeh
,
Rahebeh Shaker-Hosseini
,
Dariush MirSattari
,
Reza Rastmanesh
,
Bahram Rashidkhani
,
Lida Navai
Abstract
Background: There have been a number of reports indicating that garlic can inhibit helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in vitro; however, there is few clinical trials evaluating its effect in human infection. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of garlic consumption on urea breath test (UBT) results in patients with H. pylori infection.
Methods: We performed a randomized case-controlled design on 36 outpatients diagnosed with H. pylori infection. In order to confirm the presence of H. pylori infection, the UBT was performed and in order to examine the presence of inflammation and/or ulcer in stomach, esophagus and duodenum, upper endoscopy was performed at the beginning and the end of the study. The patients in the case group took four grams of garlic powder daily (two tablets each containing two grams of garlic powder) whereas the patients in the control group took two placebo tablets (each containing two grams of white flour) for 8 weeks.
Results: The average age was 40.87± 16.45 in case groups and 35.40±11.26 in the control group. In the control group, 47% were men and 53% women, 80% married and the rest were single. At the beginning of the study, all the patients had positive UBT. At the end of this study, the results of UBT showed that the H. pylori infection was negative in 87% of cases and 73% of control group showing eradication of H. pylori infection; however the eradication in case group was not significantly more than control group.
Conclusion: This study did not support a role for garlic in the treatment of H. pylori infection.
Marshall BJ, Warren JR. Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration. Lancet 1984;1:1311-1315.
van Duynhoven YT, de JR. Transmission of Helicobacter pylori: a role for food? Bull World Health Organ 2001;79:455-460.
Alborzi A, Soltani J, Pourabbas B et al. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in children (south of Iran). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2006;54:259-261.
Patel P, Mendall MA, Carrington D et al.Association of Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections with coronary heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors. BMJ
; 311:711-714.
Pellicano R, Parravicini PP, Bigi R et al. Patients with acute myocardial infarction in northern Italy are often infected by Helicobacter pylori. Panminerva Med 1999;41:279-282.
Ferrasi AC, Pinheiro NA, Rabenhorst SH et al.Helicobacter pylori and EBV in gastric carcinomas: methylation status and microsatellite instability. World J Gastroenterol 2010;16:312-319.
Stone AF, Mendall MA. Helicobacter pylori is an aetiological factor for ischaemic heart disease: the case in favour. Dig Liver Dis 2000;32:62-64.
Laurila A, Bloigu A, Nayha S, Hassi J, Leinonen M, Saikku P. Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with elevated serum lipids. Atherosclerosis 1999;142:207-210.
Pieniazek P, Karczewska E, Duda A, Tracz W, Pasowicz M, Konturek SJ. Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with coronary heart disease. J Physiol Pharmacol 1999;50:743-751.
Pilotto A, Rumor F, Franceschi M et al. Lack of association between Helicobacter pylori infection and extracardiac atherosclerosis in dyspeptic elderly subjects. Age Ageing 1999;28:367-371.
Whincup P, Danesh J, Walker M et al.Prospective study of potentially virulent strains of Helicobacter pylori and coronary heart disease in middle-aged men. Circulation 2000;101:1647-1652.
Gunji T, Matsuhashi N, Sato H et al. Helicobacter pylori infection is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in the Japanese population. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103:3005-3010.
Ojetti V, Migneco A, Silveri NG, Ghirlanda G, Gasbarrini G, Gasbarrini A. The role of H. pylori infection in diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2005;1:343-347.
Aslan M, Nazligul Y, Horoz M et al. Serum paraoxonase-1 activity in Helicobacter pylori infected subjects. Atherosclerosis 2008;196:270-274.
Chimienti G, Russo F, Lamanuzzi BL et al.Helicobacter pylori is associated with modified lipid profile: impact on Lipoprotein(a). Clin Biochem 2003;36:359-365.
Ables AZ, Simon I, Melton ER. Update on Helicobacter pylori treatment. Am Fam Physician 2007;75:351-358.
Katelaris PH, Forbes GM, Talley NJ, Crotty B. A randomized comparison of quadruple and triple therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication: The QUADRATE Study. Gastroenterology 2002;123:1763-1769.
Malfertheiner P, Leodolter A, Peitz U. Cure of Helicobacter pylori-associated ulcer disease through eradication. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2000;14:119-132.
Meyer JM, Silliman NP, Wang W et al. Risk factors for Helicobacter pylori resistance in the United States: the surveillance of H. pylori antimicrobial resistance partnership (SHARP) study, 1993-1999. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:13-24.
Cellini L, Di CE, Masulli M, Di BS, Allocati N.Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori by garlic extract (Allium sativum). FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1996;13:273-277.
Lee SA, Kang D, Shim KN, Choe JW, Hong WS, Choi H. Effect of diet and Helicobacter pylori infection to the risk of early gastric cancer. J Epidemiol 2003;13:162-168.
Serafini M, Bellocco R, Wolk A, Ekstrom AM.Total antioxidant potential of fruit and vegetables and risk of gastric cancer. Gastroenterology 2002;123: 985-991.
Tabak M, Armon R, Potasman I, Neeman I. In vitro inhibition of Helicobacter pylori by extracts of thyme. J Appl Bacteriol 1996;80:667-672.
Yousef RT, Tawil GG. Antimicrobial activity of volatile oils. Pharmazie 1980;35:698-701.
Canizares P, Gracia I, Gomez LA et al. Thermal degradation of allicin in garlic extracts and its implication on the inhibition of the in-vitro growth of Helicobacter pylori. Biotechnol Prog 2004; 20:32-37.
Mahady GB, Matsuura H, Pendland SL. Allixin, a phytoalexin from garlic, inhibits the growth of Helicobacter pylori in vitro. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:3454-3455.
O'Gara EA, Hill DJ, Maslin DJ. Activities of garlic oil, garlic powder, and their diallyl constituents against Helicobacter pylori. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000;66:2269-2273.
Aydin A, Ersoz G, Tekesin O, Akcicek E, Tuncyurek M. Garlic oil and Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:563-564.
Ernst E. Is garlic an effective treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection? Arch Intern Med 1999;159:2484-2485.
Gail MH, You WC. A factorial trial including garlic supplements assesses effect in reducing precancerous gastric lesions. J Nutr 2006;136:813S-815S.
O'Gara EA, Maslin DJ, Nevill AM, Hill DJ. The effect of simulated gastric environments on the anti-Helicobacter activity of garlic oil. J Appl Microbiol 2008;104:1324-1331.
Malekzadeh F, Ehsanifar H, Shahamat M, Levin M, Colwell RR. Antibacterial activity of black myrobalan (Terminalia chebula Retz) against Helicobacter pylori. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2001;18:85-88.
Ramezani M, Khaje-Karamoddin M, Karimi-Fard V. Chemical Composition and Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity of the Essential Oil of Pistacia vera. Pharmaceutical Biology 2004;42:488-490.
Sayyah M, Nadjafnia L, Kamalinejad M.Anticonvulsant activity and chemical composition of Artemisia dracunculus L. essential oil. J Ethnopharmacol 2004;94:283-287.
Lai PK, Roy J. Antimicrobial and chemopreventive properties of herbs and spices. Curr Med Chem 2004; 11:1451-1460.
Prasad K, Laxdal VA, Yu M, Raney BL.Evaluation of hydroxyl radical-scavenging property of garlic. Mol Cell Biochem 1996;154:55-63.
Bakri IM, Douglas CW. Inhibitory effect of garlic extract on oral bacteria. Arch Oral Biol 2005;50:645-651.
Ferary S, Auger J, Touche A. Trace identification of plant substances by combining gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and direct deposition gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Talanta 1996;43:349-357.
Shadkchan Y, Shemesh E, Mirelman D et al.Efficacy of allicin, the reactive molecule of garlic, in inhibiting Aspergillus spp. in vitro, and in a murine model of disseminated aspergillosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004;53:832-836.
Li Q, Verma IM. NF-kappaB regulation in the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 2002;2:725-734.
Yamaoka Y, Kikuchi S, el-Zimaity HM, Gutierrez O, Osato MS, Graham DY. Importance of Helicobacter pylori oipA in clinical presentation, gastric inflammation, and mucosal interleukin 8 production. Gastroenterology 2002;123:414-424.
Yoon YD, Han SB, Kang JS et al. Toll-like receptor 4-dependent activation of macrophages by polysaccharide isolated from the radix of Platycodon grandiflorum. Int Immunopharmacol 2003; 3:1873-1882.
Jeong WS, Kim IW, Hu R, Kong AN.Modulatory properties of various natural chemopreventive agents on the activation of NF- kappaB signaling pathway. Pharm Res 2004;21:661-670.
Hassan HT. Ajoene (natural garlic compound): a new anti-leukaemia agent for AML therapy. Leuk Res 2004;28:667-671.
Fitzgerald KA, Rowe DC, Barnes BJ et al. LPS- TLR4 signaling to IRF-3/7 and NF-kappaB involves the toll adapters TRAM and TRIF. J Exp Med 2003;198:1043-1055.
Crabtree JE. Gastric mucosal inflammatory responses to Helicobacter pylori. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996; 10 Suppl 1:29-37.
Rhodes MJ. Physiologically-active compounds in plant foods: an overview. Proc Nutr Soc 1996;55:371-384.
Correa P. Human gastric carcinogenesis: a multistep and multifactorial process--First American Cancer Society Award Lecture on Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. Cancer Res 1992;52:6735-6740.
Behrens R, Lang T, Keller KM et al. Dual versus triple therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection: results of a multicentre trial. Arch Dis Child 1999;81:68-70.
McNulty CA, Wilson MP, Havinga W, Johnston B, O'Gara EA, Maslin DJ. A pilot study to determine the effectiveness of garlic oil capsules in the treatment of dyspeptic patients with Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2001;6:249-253.
Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain C et al.Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection--the Maastricht 2-2000 Consensus Report. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002;16:167-180.
Mohammadi M, Doroud D, Mohajerani N, Massarrat S. Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Iran. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:6009-6013.
Rafeey M, Ghotaslou R, Nikvash S, Hafez AA.Primary resistance in Helicobacter pylori isolated in children from Iran. J Infect Chemother 2007;13:291-295.
Chowdhury AK, Ahsan M, Islam SN, Ahmed ZU. Efficacy of aqueous extract of garlic & allicin in experimental shigellosis in rabbits. Indian J Med Res 1991;93:33-36.
Keiss HP, Dirsch VM, Hartung T et al. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) modulates cytokine expression in lipopolysaccharide-activated human blood thereby inhibiting NF-kappaB activity. J Nutr 2003;133:2171-2175.
Salih BA, Abasiyanik FM. Does regular garlic intake affect the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in asymptomatic subjects? Saudi Med J 2003;24:842-845.
You WC, Zhang L, Gail MH et al. Helicobacter pylori infection, garlic intake and precancerous lesions in a Chinese population at low risk of gastric cancer. Int J Epidemiol 1998;27:941-944.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 1, No 1 (winter 2015) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Helicobacter pylori Garlic Urea Breath Test | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
