The role of dietary patterns in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome in adolescents
Abstract
The increasing worldwide trend in childhood obesity is a driving force behind the increase in adolescent’s metabolic syndrome (MetS). Although there is no clear definition about the pediatric MetS, it is very common among adolescents which is characterized by insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity and hypertension, that is associated with a high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and CVD in adulthood. The etiological role of nutritional factors, especially dietary patterns, in the development of obesity and MetS is explored. Also, the evidence that pro-inflammatory stressors may prepare to obesity-induced insulin resistance is reviewed. The present article prospects the opinion that abatement of nutritional risk factors in dietary patterns and reducing the impact of metabolic and inflammatory stressors, may reduce the adverse health effects of obesity and slow the progression towards the MetS and CVD in adolescents. Evidence from pediatric dietary epidemiological and interventional studies that have investigated the potential preventive and therapeutic effects of dietary patterns modification is limited. This review approach will further address the understanding of the interaction between dietary patterns in the pathogenesis and progression of MetS in adolescents.
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