Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Iranian Population regarding Fast foods, Soft drinks, Salt and Oil: NUTRI-KAP survey
-
Zeinab Ahadi
,
Ramin Heshmat
,
Zahra Abdollahi
,
Mostafa Ghorbani
,
Gita Shafiee
,
Zeinab Tiznobeyk
,
Vahab Rezvani
,
Maryam Sanaei
,
Maryam Ghaderpanahi
,
Forouzan Salehi
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to survey Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of fast foods, soft drinks, salt and oil in urban and rural regions in Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Iranian households in both rural and urban areas of 31 provinces of Iran (2011-2012) including 14,136 persons who were responsible for cooking in family were studied. The sampling method was the single-stage cluster sampling with equal size clusters at households in each province. The data was gathered by using a structured questionnaire covering demographic variables, knowledge, attitude and practice about fast foods, soft drinks, salt, and oil by interview with the qualified person.
Results: Households in urban areas had higher correct knowledge level and favorable attitude toward fast foods, soft drinks, salt and oil than households in rural areas. The consumption of sausage, junk food, soft drink and synthetic juice was higher in rural (p<0.05).While, consumption of pizza, sandwich and non-alcoholic beverage was significantly higher among in urban regions (p<0.05). Respectively, solid and liquid oil were consumed frequently in rural and urban (p<0.05). In both of two areas, more than 95% of respondents stated to consume iodized salt (p=0.04).
Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that the nutrition KAP of Iranian population was acceptable. It showed that earlier nutritional educations were effective and helpful.
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26. Sharkey JR, Johnson CM, Dean WR, Horel SA.Association between proximity to and coverage oftraditional fast-food restaurants and nontraditionalfast-food outlets and fast-foodconsumption among rural adults. nt J HealthGeogr.. 2011;10(1):37.
27. Schröder H, Fïto M, Covas MI. Association offast food consumption with energy intake, dietquality, body mass index and the risk of obesity ina representative Mediterranean population. Br JNutr. 2007;98(06):1274-80.
28. Bowman SA, Vinyard BT. Fast food consumptionof US adults: impact on energy and nutrientintakes and overweight status. J Am Coll Nutr.2004;23(2):163-8.
29. Kelishadi R. Childhood overweight, obesity, andthe metabolic syndrome in developing countries.Epidemiol Rev. 2007;29(1):62-76.
30. Mirmiran P, Azadbakht L, Azizi F. Dietarybehaviour of Tehranian adolescents does notaccord with their nutritional knowledge. PublicHealth Nutr. 2007;10(09):897-901.
31. Mohammadi F MP, Bayegy F, Azizi F.Correlation between knowledge, attitude andpractice regarding the role of nutrition in noncommunicable diseases. Pajoohesh dar Pezeshki.2002;26:199. (Persian)
32. Darmon N, Drewnowski A. Does social classpredict diet quality? Am J Clin Nutr.2008;87(5):1107-17.
33. Axelson ML, Federline TL, Brinberg D. A metaanalysisof food-and nutrition-related research. JNutr Educ. 1985;17(2):51-4.
34. Kelishadi R, Pour MH, Zadegan NS, Kahbazi M,Sadry G, Amani A, et al. Dietary fat intake andlipid profiles of Iranian adolescents: IsfahanHealthy Heart Program–heart health promotionfrom childhood. Prev Med. 2004;39 (4):760-6.
2. Naghavi M, Abolhassani F, Pourmalek F, LakehMM, Jafari N, Vaseghi S, et al. The burden ofdisease and injury in Iran 2003. Popul HealthMetr. 2009;7(1):9.
3. Iran (Islamic Republic of). http://www.who.int/nmh/countries/irn_en.pdf?ua=1: World HealthOrganization; 2014 [cited 2014].
4. Bloom DE, Cafiero E, Jané-Llopis E, Abrahams-Gessel S, Bloom LR, Fathima S, et al. The GlobalEconomic Burden of Non-communicableDiseases. Geneva: World Economic Forum; 2012.
5. Plaza I, Mariscal R, Ros-Jellici J, Munoz M,Otero J, Madero R, et al. The Fuenlabrada study:lipids and lipoproteins in children andadolescents. Revista Espanola de Cardiologia.1988;42(7):444-58.
6. Shahid R. Integrating Spatial Analysis and SystemDynamics to Model Childhood Overweight andObesity Prevalence. 2014. (Dissertation)
7. Prentice AM, Jebb SA. Fast foods, energy densityand obesity: a possible mechanistic link. ObesRev. 2003;4(4):187-94.
8. Moore LV, Diez Roux AV, Nettleton JA, JacobsDR, Franco M. Fast-Food Consumption, DietQuality, and Neighborhood Exposure to FastFood: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Am J Epidemiol. 2009 January 1, 2009.
9. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA,Eckel RH, Franklin BA, et al. Diagnosis andmanagement of the metabolic syndrome anAmerican Heart Association/National Heart,Lung, and Blood Institute scientific statement.Circulation. 2005;112(17):2735-52.
10. Jürgens H, Haass W, Castaneda TR, SchürmannA, Koebnick C, Dombrowski F, et al. Consumingfructose‐sweetened beverages increases bodyadiposity in mice. Obes Res 2005;13(7):1146-56.
11. Brown IJ, Tzoulaki I, Candeias V, Elliott P. Saltintakes around the world: implications for publichealth. Int J Epidemiol. 2009;38(3):791-813.
12. Cappuccio FP, Capewell S, Lincoln P, McPhersonK. Policy options to reduce population salt intake.BMJ.2011;343:4995.
13. Alireza Khosravi M, Reza Malekzadeh M,Sarrafzadegan N. Advocacy strategies and actionplans for reducing salt intake in Iran. Arch IranMed. 2012;15(5):320.
14. Organization WH. Creating an enablingenvironment for population-based salt reductionstrategies: report of a joint technical meeting heldby WHO and the Food Standards Agency, UnitedKingdom, July 2010.
15. Chan A, Poon P, ChanE, Fung S, Swaminathan R. The effect of highsodium intake on bone mineral content in rats fedOsteoporos Int. 1993;3(6):341-4.
16. Mozaffarian D, Abdollahi M, Campos H,Houshiarrad A, Willett W. Consumption of transfats and estimated effects on coronary heartdisease in Iran. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61(8):1004-10.
17. Esmaillzadeh A, Azadbakht L. Consumption ofhydrogenated versus nonhydrogenated vegetableoils and risk of insulin resistance and themetabolic syndrome among Iranian adult women.Diabetes Care. 2008;31(2):223-6.
18. Organization WH. Prevention of cardiovasculardisease: pocket guidelines for assessment andmanagement of cardiovascular risk:(WHO/ISHcardiovascular risk prediction charts for theEuropean Region). 2007.
19. Joint F, Consultation WE. Fats and fatty acids inhuman nutrition. Proceedings of the JointFAO/WHO Expert Consultation. 2008.
20. Organization WH. Diet, nutrition and theprevention of chronic diseases: report of a jointWHO/FAO expert consultation: Diamond PocketBooks (P) Ltd.; 2003.
21. De Vriendt T, Matthys C, Verbeke W, Pynaert I,De Henauw S. Determinants of nutritionknowledge in young and middle-aged Belgianwomen and the association with their dietarybehaviour. Appetite. 2009 Jun;52(3):788-92.
22. Dickson-Spillmann M, Siegrist M. Consumers'knowledge of healthy diets and its correlationwith dietary behaviour. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2011Feb;24(1):54-60.
23. Dickson-Spillmann M, Siegrist M, Keller C.Development and validation of a short, consumerorientednutrition knowledge questionnaire.Appetite. 2011 Jun;56(3):617-20.
24. Azemati B, Heshmat R, Sanaei M, Salehi F,Sadeghi F, Ghaderpanahi M, et al. Nutritionalknowledge, attitude and practice of Iranianhouseholds and primary health care staff:NUTRIKAP Survey. J Diabetes Metab Disord.2013;12(1):12.
25. Powell LM, Bao Y. Food prices, access to foodoutlets and child weight. Econ Hum Biol.2009;7(1):64-72.
26. Sharkey JR, Johnson CM, Dean WR, Horel SA.Association between proximity to and coverage oftraditional fast-food restaurants and nontraditionalfast-food outlets and fast-foodconsumption among rural adults. nt J HealthGeogr.. 2011;10(1):37.
27. Schröder H, Fïto M, Covas MI. Association offast food consumption with energy intake, dietquality, body mass index and the risk of obesity ina representative Mediterranean population. Br JNutr. 2007;98(06):1274-80.
28. Bowman SA, Vinyard BT. Fast food consumptionof US adults: impact on energy and nutrientintakes and overweight status. J Am Coll Nutr.2004;23(2):163-8.
29. Kelishadi R. Childhood overweight, obesity, andthe metabolic syndrome in developing countries.Epidemiol Rev. 2007;29(1):62-76.
30. Mirmiran P, Azadbakht L, Azizi F. Dietarybehaviour of Tehranian adolescents does notaccord with their nutritional knowledge. PublicHealth Nutr. 2007;10(09):897-901.
31. Mohammadi F MP, Bayegy F, Azizi F.Correlation between knowledge, attitude andpractice regarding the role of nutrition in noncommunicable diseases. Pajoohesh dar Pezeshki.2002;26:199. (Persian)
32. Darmon N, Drewnowski A. Does social classpredict diet quality? Am J Clin Nutr.2008;87(5):1107-17.
33. Axelson ML, Federline TL, Brinberg D. A metaanalysisof food-and nutrition-related research. JNutr Educ. 1985;17(2):51-4.
34. Kelishadi R, Pour MH, Zadegan NS, Kahbazi M,Sadry G, Amani A, et al. Dietary fat intake andlipid profiles of Iranian adolescents: IsfahanHealthy Heart Program–heart health promotionfrom childhood. Prev Med. 2004;39 (4):760-6.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 1, No 4 (Autumn 2015) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Knowledge Attitude Practice Fast foods Soft drinks Salt Oil | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Ahadi Z, Heshmat R, Abdollahi Z, Ghorbani M, Shafiee G, Tiznobeyk Z, Rezvani V, Sanaei M, Ghaderpanahi M, Salehi F. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Iranian Population regarding Fast foods, Soft drinks, Salt and Oil: NUTRI-KAP survey. J Nutr Sci & Diet. 2015;1(4):173-180.
