Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics 2 1 2016 03 29 2 8 EN Fahime Agh Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, TehranUniversity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Niyaz Mohammadzadeh Honarvar Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, TehranUniversity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahmoud Djalali Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, TehranUniversity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ebrahim Nematipour Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahnaz Zarei Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, TehranUniversity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shirin Jafari Salim Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, TehranUniversity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Simin Samavat Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, TehranUniversity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, TehranUniversity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 01 31 Background: Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Diminution of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a chief role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). One of the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids is to modulate the secretion of BDNF. We aimed to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on serum BDNF in men with CAD. Methods: Forty-eight CAD patients were randomly assigned to either the omega-3 (n=24) or placebo (n=24) group. In the omega-3 group each subject received 4 omega-3 soft gels per day (720 mg eicosapentaenoic acid plus 480 mg docosahexaenoic acid), while each subject in the placebo group received 4 placebo soft gels (edible paraffin) for a period of 8 weeks. Serum BDNF, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum lipoproteins, anthropometric indices, body composition, food intake and physical activity were evaluated before and after intervention. Results: Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation increased serum BDNF (p= 0.015), and did not cause significant modifications on the blood pressure, serum lipids with the exception of LDL, fasting blood glucose, anthropometric measurements and body composition (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation significantly enhances serum BDNF in male patients who have CAD. https://jnsd.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jnsd/article/view/38 https://jnsd.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jnsd/article/download/38/27