Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics 6 1 2022 10 25 8 18 Elaheh Asgari Tehran University of Medical Sciences Fatemeh Dehghani Firouzabadi http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6684-4615 Nasim Janbozorgi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0125-5174 Ahmad Jayedi http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-3147 Zahra Akbarzadeh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9555-4772 Kurosh Djafarian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9134-7178 Sakineh Shab-Bidar http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0167-7174 2021 01 27 2021 07 08 Background: Previous studies have suggested a positive association between a more pro-inflammatory diet and lifestyle- factors with obesity, separately. Objective: Determine the relationship between the dietary and lifestyle inflammatory-score (DLIS) and general and abdominal obesity in adults.  Methods: We included 834 adults aged 18 to 59 years (69% female, mean age: 44.7 ± 10.7 years). Using a 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, we collected dietary-intakes. The DLIS was calculated by using the dietary inflammatory score, calculated by data from 18 components of the diet, and two components of the lifestyle including physical-activity and cigarette smoking. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI of the general and abdominal adiposity across quartiles of the DLIS was calculated by logistic-regression analysis after controlling for age, sex, marital status, occupation, education status, and energy intake. Results: The DLIS ranged between -3.00 and 2.32 (man ± SD: -0.31 ± 0.99). The ORs of central obesity, as assessed by waist-to-hip ratio (≥0.8 for women and ≥1 for men) across quartiles of the DLIS were as follows: 1.91 (95%CI: 1.21, 3.02), 1.62 (95%CI: 1.03, 2.56), and 1.25 (95%CI: 0.79, 1.97) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively. The results for weight-to-height ratio (>0.5) were 2.26 (95%CI: 1.24, 4.11), 1.08 (95%CI: 0.63, 1.86), and 1.38 (95%CI: 0.79, 2.39) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively. Higher DLIS was not associated with increased waist-circumference and general-obesity as assessed by body mass index. Conclusion: Having a diet and lifestyle with more pro-inflammatory properties may be associated with abdominal-adiposity. https://jnsd.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jnsd/article/view/319 https://jnsd.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jnsd/article/download/319/243