Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics 1 3 2015 12 07 116 126 EN Sakineh Shab-Bidar Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tirang Neyestani Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute AND School of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abolghassem Djazayery Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 12 07 2015 12 07 Background: The purpose of our study was to investigate the possible effect of BsmI vitamin D receptor (VDR’s) polymorphism on changes of the inflammatory and oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in response to daily intake of vitamin D- fortified yogurt drink (doogh) in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, 100 T2D subjects were allocated to two groups to receive either plain doogh (PD; n = 50, containing 170 mg calcium and no vitamin D/250 ml) or vitamin D3-fortified doogh (FD; n = 50, containing 170 mg calcium and 500 IU/250 ml) twice a day for 12 weeks. 25(OH)D, glycemic status, inflammatory as well as OS biomarkers were evaluated before and after the intervention. VDR-BsmI genotypes in an extended number of T2D subjects in the FD group (n = 140) were determined as BB, Bb, and bb. Results: After 12 weeks, in FD compared to PD, serum 25(OH)D increased (+30.0 nmol/l vs. −4.8 nmol/l, p < 0.001). The 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) in patients with the BB genotype were more responsive to vitamin D intake in which the maximum increment in 25(OH)D was in BB (31.8 nmol/l) compared with  Bb  (24.4  nmol/l)  and  bb  (20.8  nmol/l)  (p  for  trend  <  0.001),  and  the difference in BB, compared to Bb and bb was significant [Bb (p = 0.024) and bb (p = 0.037)]. This difference was accompanied by a significant difference for other biomarkers including fasting serum glucose (p trend = 0.039), fat mass % (p trend < 0.001), interleukin 6 (p trend = 0.033), hs-CRP (p trend < 0.001), and MDA (p trend = 0.028) which significantly all decreased in BB genotype except for GSH which significantly increased (p trend = 0.035). Conclusion:  Daily   intake   of   vitamin  D-FD   for   12   weeks   improved   the inflammatory and OS biomarkers in T2D subjects, and the improvement was more pronounced in the carriers of BB genotype of VDR-Bsm. https://jnsd.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jnsd/article/view/29 https://jnsd.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jnsd/article/download/29/18