Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics 3 3 2017 06 11 11 17 EN Niloofar Sadat Maddahi Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran Khadijeh Mirzaei Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir Department of Urology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Saeed Modaresi Urology Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mir Saeed Yekaninejad Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 11 14 2019 02 22 Objective:  To evaluate the association of major dietary patterns with risk factors of kidney stone formation among Iranian men. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted on 264 adult men (19-89 years). The usual dietary intake of individuals over 1 year was collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were made and 24-h urine sample was collected. Adjusted binary logistic regressions were conducted to evaluate the associations. Results: The three major dietary patterns identified by factor analysis were healthy, unhealthy and spice-caffeine dietary patterns. After adjustment for potential confounders (age, BMI and energy intake), the odds ratio of hypocitraturia in the second (OR=0.57, CI=0.24-1.39) and third (OR=0.24, CI=0.10-0.56) tertiles and the hypercalciuria in the second (OR= 0.38, CI=0.17-0.87) and third (OR=0.20, CI=0.10-0.46) tertiles of healthy pattern was decreased compared to first tertile. The hypocitraturia in the second (OR=1.14, CI=0.56-2.32) and third (OR=5.14 CI=2.04-12.96) tertiles, the hypercalciuria in the second (OR=0.67, CI=0.35-1.36) and third (OR=4.11, CI=1.77-9.56) tertiles of unhealthy pattern were increased compared to the first tertile. There was no significant relationship between healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns with creatinine, oxalate and uric acid (P>0.05). Conclusion: A higher adherence of the Unhealthy and spice-caffeine dietary patterns, and lower adherence of the Healthy dietary pattern, increases the risk of kidney stone formation in men. https://jnsd.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jnsd/article/view/198 https://jnsd.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jnsd/article/download/198/187