Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics 3 3 2017 08 08 3 10 EN Zohreh Hosseini Departement of Nutrition, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Maryam Behrouz Community Nutrition Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elena Philippou Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus Fatemeh Keykhaei Departement of Nutrition, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mohsen Nematy Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran 2017 08 08 2019 02 22 Objective: To evaluate the association between major dietary patterns and the risk factors for kidney stone formation among Iranian men. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 264 adult men, aged 19-89 years. The usual dietary intake of the participants over the previous year was collected using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measurementswere recorded and 24-h urine samples were collected. Binary logistic regressions were used to evaluate the associations. Results: Two major dietary patterns were identified in the study population: a healthy dietary pattern and a Western dietary pattern. A significant inverse relationship was seenbetween the healthy dietary pattern and the risk of MS (OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.09-0.47, p < 0.001), while there was a marginally significant association between adherence to a Western diet and development of MS after controlling for confounders (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 0.95-4.89, p = 0.06). Conclusion: Following a healthy dietary pattern is related to a reduced risk of MS while following a Western dietary pattern is marginally related to an increased MS risk. https://jnsd.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jnsd/article/view/146 https://jnsd.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jnsd/article/download/146/186