Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics 3 1 2017 02 28 140 140 EN Maryam Hajishafiee Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Reza Ghiasvand Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Awat Feizi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Gholamreza Askari Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2017 08 02 2017 09 13 Objective: To investigate the relation between female ovulatory infertility and major dietary patterns among women attending fertility clinics. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 167 infertile women with PCOS and 251 controls. PCOS was determined by using 2003 Rotterdam criteria. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Major dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Results: Two main dietary patterns, healthy dietary pattern and western dietary pattern, were identified. Cases were statistically more overweight and abdominally fat than controls (p<0.01). No statistical significant difference was seen in total energy intake, nutrient intakes and dietary fiber between the two groups. Lower adherence to western dietary pattern was associated with decreased chance of infertility (OR=0.61; 95% CI: 0.41-0.91, p=0.01). The association remained significant even after taking other confounders into account (OR=0.62, 95%CI: 0.41-0.96, p=0.03). However, after adjusting for energy and macronutrient intakes, the association altered to marginally significant relation (p=0.07). Associations between having healthy dietary pattern and infertility regarding PCOS was not statistically significant (p=0.45). Conclusion: Lower adherence to western dietary pattern may protect women in reproductive age against infertility. Further studies are needed to confirm the role of different dietary patterns on fertility outcomes. https://jnsd.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jnsd/article/view/140 https://jnsd.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jnsd/article/download/140/162