Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics 1 2 2015 10 05 71 79 EN Sakineh Shab-Bidar Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein Delshad Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Golaleh Asghari Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parvin Mirmiran Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fereidoun Azizi Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 05 2015 10 05 Background: The aim of this study was to examine the association between dietary intakes of vitamin D and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Tehranian adults, Iran. Methods: In this population-based prospective study, a sample of 2357 subjects, aged 20-74 years, who had completed a validated food frequency questionnaire, were  studied.  MetS  was  defined  according to  the modified  guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adults Treatment Panel III. Results: Median intakes of vitamin D were 1.5 and 1.6 µ g/day in men and women respectively. After adjustment for confounding factors, dietary vitamin D intake was inversely associated with fasting blood glucose (β = -0.085, p = 0.004) and waist circumference (β = -0.065, p = 0.035); these associations were attenuated following  further  adjustment  for demographics,  body  mass  index  (BMI)  and dietary factors ((β = -0.066, p = 0.030) and (β = -0.065, p = 0.044), respectively. An association was observed between incidence of MetS and vitamin D intake (p trend = 0.040), independent of age, gender, smoking, physical activity; this association remained following further adjustment for BMI (p for trend = 0.044) and dietary factors (p for trend = 0.051). Conclusion: Our findings suggest a significant inverse association between dietary vitamin D intake, MetS, and some of its components after controlling for confounding factors. https://jnsd.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jnsd/article/view/11 https://jnsd.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jnsd/article/download/11/11